A bidirectional optical communications network comprises an optical transmission fiber for carrying a downstream signal at a first wavelength and a multiplicity of upstream signals at a second, different wavelength. The fiber is characterized by distributed Raman gain over at least an extended portion of its length. A first terminal, optically coupled to one end of the fiber, includes a first transmitter for generating the downstream signal, a first receiver for detecting the upstream signals, and at least one pump source for generating pump light that provides Raman amplification to either the downstream signal or the upstream signal or both. A multiplicity of second terminals, optically coupled to another end of the fiber, each includes a second transmitter for generating one of the upstream signals, and a second receiver for detecting a downstream sub-signal. A passive optical node is configured to (i) split the downstream signal into a multiplicity of downstream sub-signals each propagating at the first wavelength to a separate one of the second terminals and (ii) to combine each of the upstream signals from each of the second terminals onto the fiber for transmission to the first terminal. In another embodiment, the network is a GPON compatible with current ITU standards.