A presently preferred embodiment of the invention includes a breast shield for use on a human breast including a breast-receiving portion, which is sized and shaped to receive a nipple and at least some surrounding breast. One or more sensors are connected to the breast-receiving portion and capable of sensing changes in the breast. Alternate embodiments of this aspect of the present invention include a sensor being one or more, for example, of an optical sensor, an electrode, a thermal sensor and an acoustic sensor. The optical sensor may be adapted to detect changes in light reflected from the breast. The electrode may be a pair of electrode parts, a first of which is used to apply an output voltage to the breast and a second of which is used to receive current conducted from the first of the pair of electrode parts. The acoustic sensor may be adapted to detect changes in breast tissue.