A recording medium imaging apparatus includes an irradiation unit configured to irradiate a recording medium with light, an imaging unit configured to capture reflected light which is irradiated by the irradiation unit and reflected by the recording medium as a surface image, and a reference plate which includes a background that reflects light irradiated by the irradiation unit, and a mark that has a different reflectance ratio to the background, wherein the imaging unit captures reflected light reflected by the reference plate as a surface image and includes a control unit that determines a type of the recording medium based on the surface image of the reference plate and the surface image of the recording medium.