An electrical device comprising (A) a substrate having a surface and (B) a nanohole superlattice superimposed on a portion of the surface is provided. The nanohole superlattice comprises a plurality of sheets having an array of holes defined therein. The array of holes is characterized by a band gap or band gap range. The plurality of sheets forms a first edge and a second edge. A first lead comprising a first electrically conductive material forms a first junction with the first edge. A second lead comprising a second electrically conductive material forms a second junction with the second edge. The first junction is a Schottky barrier with respect to a carrier. In some instances a metal protective coating covers all or a portion of a surface of the first lead. In some instances, the first lead comprises titanium, the second lead comprises palladium, and the metal protective coating comprises gold.