There are provided: a bio-based coating composition which is a bio-based ingredient coating composition in consideration of environment and does not need any expensive ingredient and is also excellent in hydrolysis resistance; and an article coated with the coating composition. The bio-based coating composition is characterized by comprising the following film-forming ingredients: a lactic acid polymer (A) which contains a polyfunctional compound having a hydroxyl group and/or a carboxyl group in a functionality of not less than 3 and lactic acid as essential monomer ingredients and has a specific SP value; and a resin (B) which contains a hydroxyl group and/or a carboxyl group and has a specific SP value; wherein the difference (ΔSP) between the SP values of the lactic acid polymer (A) and the resin (B) is in the range of 0.2 to 4.0. The coated article is characterized by being obtained by being coated with the aforementioned coating composition.