Provided are an apparatus and method for tracking augmented reality content using a mobile sensor. The method includes recognizing an augmented reality marker from an input image and calculating a position and posture of the recognized augmented reality marker, calculating a position and posture of augmented reality content corresponding to the augmented reality marker using the calculated position and posture of the augmented reality marker, synthesizing the augmented reality content with the input image using the calculated position and posture of the augmented reality content, and displaying the synthesized image, updating the position and posture of the augmented reality content using a 6-axis sensor when the augmented reality marker is not recognized in the input image; and synthesizing the augmented reality content with the input image using the updated position and posture of the augmented reality content, and displaying the synthesized image.