A wheat variety designated XW10Q, the plants and seeds of wheat variety XW10Q, methods for producing a wheat plant produced by crossing the variety XW10Q with another wheat plant, and hybrid wheat seeds and plants produced by crossing the variety XW10Q with another wheat line or plant, and the creation of variants by mutagenesis or transformation of variety XW10Q. This invention also relates to methods for producing other wheat varieties or breeding lines derived from wheat variety XW10Q and to wheat varieties or breeding lines produced by those methods.