The invention relates to a set of building elements comprising a first type of element (1, 1′) provided with connecting members on four faces and designed to be stacked and butted together with at least one other element of the same type. The invention also comprises: at least one second type of element (24) designed to be attached to a flat surface and to form a base for receiving the first-type elements (1, 1′), and a third type of element (42) formed by cables capable of removably connecting the first-type elements (1, 1′) to the second-type elements (24) under tension. Each cable (42) is inserted into a space defined between at least two walls of at least one element (1, 1′) of the first type.