The invention relates to a self-propelled electric mower. The self-propelled electric mower comprises a cutter arranged on the machine body (1), an electric motor for driving the cutter to operate, and road wheels (2) arranged on the machine body. A driving device (3) for driving the machine body to walk is arranged on the machine body and comprises a transmission system (4) for driving the road wheels to move and a power source (5) for driving the transmission system to work. The transmission system comprises belt transmissions (4-1) connected with the power source, external gear transmissions (4-2) connected with the belt transmissions, and internal gear transmissions (4-3) connected with the external gear transmissions and in meshing connection with the road wheels. The self-propelled electric mower provided by the invention obtains higher transmission ratio by using multi-stage transmission, so that the output torque of the driving motor is reduced, the volume and the cost of the driving motor are decreased, the self-propelled walking function is realized, noise is lowered, and energy is saved.