Configurations and applications for data signatures are disclosed. Such a data signature may be specific to a particular data element in a data set, and may define this particular data element in relation to one or more other data elements. These data signatures may be used for any appropriate purpose. For instance, data signatures of this type may be generated from a given data set and may be used to analyze this data set in at least some respect, including to identify one or more features in the data set (e.g., for feature extraction purposes). Data signatures of this type may also be used in at least some fashion to generate a presentation or output that relates to the associated data set (including digitally on an appropriate display, as well as in “hard copy” form).