An image forming apparatus includes: an image forming unit having an image supporting body and a developing unit; a transfer roller; a transfer belt having a conveying surface onto which a recording material is placed; a cleaning unit; a density detection unit detecting toner density on the conveying surface; a calibration processing unit that executes a calibration process; and a control unit that: in a state in which the calibration process has been executed, instructs the image forming unit to adjust the toner density of the toner image formed on the image supporting body based on the toner density detected by the density detection unit; and in a state in which the calibration process has not been executed, switches the cleaning unit to the cleaning state or maintains the cleaning unit in the non-cleaning state based on the toner density detected by the density detection unit.