A barcode structure includes at least one symbolic element row and a frame arranged at a periphery of the at least one symbolic element row. Each symbolic element row has multiple symbolic elements. Each symbolic element has different color from its adjacent symbolic elements, and the color of the frame is different from that of any symbolic element. A barcode encoding method includes: establishing multiple color combinations where a color of a frame is excluded, and each color combination comprising a main color and a sub color; performing a symbolic element row establishment procedure, which includes using a reference color as a color of a first symbolic element of a symbolic element row; deleting color combinations where the reference color is used as a main color; and selecting a color combination from remaining color combinations for coloring two symbolic elements that are sequentially connected with the first symbolic element.