Mass productivity and production stability of a polyphenylene ether composition are improved without deteriorating physical properties by means of a production process of polyphenylene ether composition comprising pre-melt compounding 20 to 98.5% by mass of a polyphenylene ether powder (I), 1 to 60% by mass of an inorganic filler powder (II) and 0.5 to 20% by mass of a thermoplastic elastomer having functional group (III), followed by melt compounding; wherein melt compounding is conducted using a twin-screw extruder having a total length of barrels of 800 mm or more, and a pre-melt compounding zone occupies 45 to 80 % of upstream of the twin-screw extruder based on the total length 100% of the twin-screw extruder when a drive side and a molten compound discharging side of the twin-screw extruder are regarded as upstream and downstream, respectively.