Process for manufacturing a self-sealing elastomer composition, wherein the process comprises the following steps: firstly a masterbatch comprising at least one diene elastomer and a thermoplastic plasticizing hydrocarbon resin with a content greater than 30 phr is manufactured by compounding these various components in a mixer at a temperature or up to a temperature called the “hot compounding temperature” which is above the softening point of the hydrocarbon resin; and then at least one crosslinking system is incorporated into the masterbatch thus prepared, by compounding everything, in the same mixer or in a different mixer, at a temperature or up to a maximum temperature which is kept below 100° C., in order to obtain said self-sealing composition, and wherein at least one liquid plasticizer having a glass transition temperature (Tg) below −20° C. is furthermore incorporated in an amount of less than 60 phr into said masterbatch or into said composition.