A non-aqueous battery with improved volume energy density and enhanced load characteristics is made available even when using olivine-type lithium phosphate as a positive electrode active material.The non-aqueous electrolyte battery of the present invention is provided with a positive electrode (1) containing lithium iron phosphate as a positive electrode active material, a negative electrode (2), and a non-aqueous electrolyte (4). In the positive electrode (1), a positive electrode active material-containing layer that is made of the positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder agent is formed on a positive electrode current collector. The positive electrode current collector has a thickness of less than 20 μm and its surface that is in contact with the positive electrode active material-containing layer has a mean surface roughness Ra of greater than 0.026.