An adaptive protection circuit module for an operational amplifier including an over temperature protection circuit and an over current protection circuit is provided. The over temperature protection circuit provides a temperature protection function to power down the operational amplifier when an operating temperature of the operational amplifier increases higher than a first threshold temperature. The over current protection circuit provides a current protection function to limit an output current of the operational amplifier and adjusts the first threshold temperature to a second threshold temperature when the over current protection circuit is enabled. The second threshold temperature is lower than the first threshold temperature. After the first threshold temperature is adjusted to the second threshold temperature, the over temperature protection circuit powers down the operational amplifier when the operating temperature increases higher than the second threshold temperature. Furthermore, an adaptive protection method for the foregoing operational amplifier is also provided.