A biogenic substance concentration measuring apparatus includes an optical measuring apparatus for measuring optical properties of a first substrate and a second substrate by using a cell for biogenic substance concentration measurement that includes: the first substrate on which a plurality of first metallic nanorods, each of which is modified with a substance that bonds specifically to a test substance, are immobilized such that the long axes thereof are aligned in the same direction; and the second substrate on which a plurality of second metallic nanorods, each of which is modified with a blocking substance, are immobilized such that the long axes thereof are aligned perpendicularly to the long axes of the first metallic nanorods on the first substrate, and calculates a biogenic substance concentration with high accuracy from the optical properties.