A method and apparatus for controlling heating and cooling of a transfer unit in a precision hot press device configured to suppress overheating and supercooling, and of performing quick heating and cooling, wherein the method and apparatus compares an amount of energy given to the transfer unit or taken from the transfer unit by a heating unit or a cooling unit with an amount of energy observed to enter into or exit from the transfer unit before the temperature of the transfer unit reaches a target temperature, calculates an amount of surplus or supercooled energy from a difference between the two energy amounts, and heats or cools the transfer unit based on the amount of surplus or supercooled energy.