Disclosed herein is a radio communication system, and more particularly, to a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a signal on a backhaul link and an access link of a relay in a radio communication system supporting multiple carriers. The method for transmitting and receiving a signal in a relay node operating on multiple carriers includes receiving a control channel from a base station, determining the type of the control channel, determining an in-band operation mode or an out-band operation mode based on the determined type of the control channel, and transmitting and receiving the signal to at least one of the base station and a user equipment according to the determined operation mode. The multiple carriers include one or more in-band component carriers and one or more out-band component carriers.