A single-core bidirectional optical communication module and a single-core bidirectional optical communication connector are provided which can decrease in size without greatly changing the structure of the past optical connector housing. An optical communication module 1 includes an optical transceiver circuit unit 21 in which a light-emitting element and a light-receiving element are arranged in parallel and an optical path changing component 25 having a structure in which the attachment and detachment direction of an optical fiber cable is perpendicular to the optical transceiver circuit unit 21. An optical communication connector 2 includes a single-core bidirectional optical communication module 1 and an optical connector housing 3 that houses the single-core bidirectional optical communication module 1 so that the optical axis of the optical fiber cable is perpendicular to the optical transceiver circuit unit 21.