Methods and systems for displaying microstructural integrity and/or connectivity of a region of interest (ROI) in a patient are disclosed. Methods and systems for tissue segmentation and atlas-based tissue segmentation in ROI of a patient using diffusion MRI data are also described. A method for studying microstructural integrity and/or connectivity of a region of interest (ROI) in a patient includes acquiring, via an imaging system, diffusion magnetic resonance (MRI) data in the ROI by using an Icosahedral Diffusion Tensor Encoding Scheme (IDTES); computing, via the imaging system, mean diffusivity (MD) and fractional anisotropy (FA) by using logarithm-moment algorithm (LMA); and displaying, on a display, the microstructural integrity and/or connectivity of ROI based on the computed MD and FA. The diffusion MRI data includes diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) data or diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data. In some cases, displaying the microstructural integrity and/or connectivity of ROI takes place in real time.