A method for classifying a document (3) to be associated with at least one service (Si), including a step in which a scanner (1) having a processor (6) scans (E1) the document (3). The method also includes steps in which the processor (6): develops (E2) at least one structure (Σj) representing the document (3), determines (E3) for each service (Si) at least one similitude value (σij) between the structure (Σj) representing the document and a reference structure (Rij) of the same kind and representing the service (Si), deduces (E4) from the similitude value (σij) the service (Si) with which the document (3) is to be associated, and processes (E5) the document (3) according to the service (Si) thus associated. The invention also relates to a scanner for implementing the method.