The present invention provides a source node device and a destination node in a data processing system, a data processing system, and a decoding method. The source node device includes: an encoding unit, configured to conduct an encoding processing on collected original data according to a codebook including an encoded numerical value and a sending interval corresponding to the original data so as to encode the original data into encoded data having a corresponding encoded numerical value included in the codebook, and to determine a sending interval corresponding to the encoded data included in the codebook. According to the present invention, sending intervals of different encoded data are determined and distinguished based on sending intervals corresponding to the encoded data included in the codebook, which provides a better performance on channel load, channel access collisions, energy efficiency, consumed resources or lifetime of the data processing system.