Various embodiments of the present disclosure are directed to gaming systems and methods configured to provide a musical game associated with unlockable musical instruments. In one embodiment, the musical game is associated with a plurality of different musical instruments that are initially unlocked or locked and a plurality of different instrument playing events, each of which is associated with one or more of the musical instruments. Upon an occurrence of one of the instrument playing events, the gaming system produces at least one sound and provides an award associated with each unlocked musical instrument associated with that instrument playing event. The gaming system does not produce any sounds or provide any awards associated with any locked musical instruments associated with that instrument playing event. Upon an occurrence of an instrument unlock event, if any of the musical instruments are locked, the gaming system unlocks at least one locked musical instrument.