Disclosed are a transparent conductive substrate comprising a transparent conductive thin film layer and a transparent metal oxide layer disposed in this order on one or both surfaces of a substrate, the transparent metal oxide layer having numerous fine pores penetrating from the front surface to the rear surface thereof, and the pore diameters of the pores at the surface that is opposite to the surface that is in contact with the transparent conductive thin film layer being larger than those at the surface that is in contact with the transparent conductive thin film layer; and a method for producing the transparent conductive substrate, comprising forming the transparent metal oxide layer on the surface of the transparent conductive thin film layer or transparent conductive thin film layers by oblique deposition.