A vibration-damping device for a turbomachine blade including a blade root configured to be inserted into a pocket of a carrier disk of a bladed wheel, the device configured to be positioned between the blade root and a retaining wall of the pocket. The device includes at least one shim including an assembly of layers of rigid materials and of viscoelastic materials, and including two portions, each forming a lateral branch which can be inserted along one of the two retaining walls, the two lateral branches being connected to one another, so as to constitute a single part, by a third portion forming a shim bottom of rigid material. At least one layer of viscoelastic material is positioned between two layers of rigid materials.