A catadioptric optical system of the present invention includes a first imaging optical system that collects a light beam from an object, and a second imaging optical system including a refractive portion that forms an intermediate image by receiving a light beam from the first imaging optical system and to form an image of the intermediate image on an image plane, the first imaging optical system includes a first optical element and a second optical element, a reflection surface of the reflective portion of the first optical element and a reflection surface of the reflective portion of the second optical element are disposed so as to face each other, and an aperture stop is disposed between the first optical element and the second optical element.