There is provided a vertical GaN-based semiconductor device in which the on-resistance can be decreased while the breakdown voltage characteristics are improved using a p-type GaN barrier layer. The semiconductor device includes a regrown layer 27 including a channel located on a wall surface of an opening 28, a p-type barrier layer 6 whose end face is covered, a source layer 7 that is in contact with the p-type barrier layer, a gate electrode G located on the regrown layer, and a source electrode S located around the opening. In the semiconductor device, the source layer has a superlattice structure that is constituted by a stacked layer including a first layer (a layer) having a lattice constant smaller than that of the p-type barrier layer and a second layer (b layer) having a lattice constant larger than that of the first layer.