A vinyl chloride-based resin emulsion obtained by using a vinyl chloride-based polymer emulsion, which is obtained by subjecting a vinyl chloride monomer (B) or a monomer mixture comprising a vinyl chloride monomer (B) and an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (C) to emulsion polymerization in the presence of (A) a styrene-acrylic acid ester oligomer and/or an acrylic acid ester oligomer, as a seed (D), and subjecting a vinyl chloride monomer (E) or a monomer mixture comprising a vinyl chloride monomer (E) and an ethylenically unsaturated group-containing monomer (F) to emulsion polymerization using the seed (D). This vinyl chloride-based resin emulsion exhibits excellent water resistance, moisture resistance, high gloss and alcohol resistance if used in a water-based ink and exhibits excellent color development properties, water resistance, moisture resistance, color visibility, high gloss and release properties if used in a recording paper.