To enable image recognition of a component at a high degree of accuracy in a stable manner over a long term with a component recognizing device configured to take an image of a component by moving a scan unit having an imaging device using a linear motor, and a surface mounting machine and a component testing machine each equipped with the component recognizing device. The component recognizing device includes permanent magnets (732) that are fixed to a head unit (6) in a state where surfaces (732a) opposing a coil portion (733) are faced downward. The coil portion (733) is disposed at a position directly below the permanent magnets (732). An attraction force (FM) induced between the coil portion (733) and the permanent magnets (732) therefore acts on linear guides (72) in an upward direction (+Z direction) via a bottom frame (731). On the contrary, the own weights (Fig) of a scan unit (71) and the like act in a downward direction. It thus becomes possible to ease the influence of the attraction force (Fm) applied on the linear guides (72) correspondingly to the own weights (Fg).