A serial processing method and a parallel processing method of bit rate matching and apparatuses thereof are disclosed in the present invention. The serial processing method includes: receiving a system bit data stream, a check 1 data stream and a check 2 data stream, performing interleaving processing on the system bit data in the received system bit data stream, and caching in a first buffer cache of a storage; simultaneously performing interleaving processing on the corresponding data in the received check 1 data stream and the received check 2 data stream, and caching the data on which the performing interleaving processing is performed in a second buffer of the storage; and reading valid data from the storage and implementing the rate matching.