A method of developing a petroleum reservoir from a reservoir model constrained by the production data and seismic attributes. Production data and seismic data are acquired during the development of the reservoir. A first image of a seismic attribute is constructed from the seismic data. Production responses are simulated from a reservoir model using a flow simulator. An image corresponding to the seismic attribute is simulated from the reservoir model. A local dissimilarity map is constructed from the reference seismic attribute image and from the simulated seismic attribute image. The reservoir model is modified to minimize any difference between the measured production data and the corresponding production responses and to minimize local dissimilarities. This model is used to determine an optimal development scheme and the reservoir is developed according to the development scheme.