A language translation device includes a network transceiver configured to provide communication between first and second communication terminals, a language recognition unit, and a language translation unit. The language recognition unit is configured to receive a signal representing speech and/or text in a first human language from the first communication terminal and map the received signal to intermediate data. The language translation unit is configured to generate a translated signal representing speech and/or text in a second human language, which is different from the first human language, in response to the intermediate data and provide the translated signal to the second communication terminal. The speech and/or text represented by the translated signal has a meaning corresponding to that of the speech and/or text represented by the received signal. Related devices and methods of operation are also discussed.