An aqueous active material composition, an electrode, and a rechargeable lithium battery including the same, the aqueous active material composition including an active material; a binder; and a water-soluble cellulose mixture, wherein the water-soluble cellulose mixture includes a first cellulose compound having a degree of substitution of about 0.5 to about 0.9 and a second cellulose compound having a degree of substitution of about 1.1 to about 1.5.