Compounds may have general Formula IVA or IVB. where, R8, R9, R10, and R11 are each independently selected from H, F, Cl, Br, CN, NO2, alkyl, haloalkyl, and alkoxy groups; X and Y are each independently O, S, N, or P; and Z′ is a linkage between X and Y. Such compounds may be used as redox shuttles in electrolytes for use in electrochemical cells, batteries and electronic devices.