A method for exchanging calling and called roles of communication terminals is disclosed. The method includes: a virtual calling party initiating a service request, and sending service request information to a virtual called party; the virtual called party matching a characteristic field carried in received service request information with data in a self preset calling-called role exchange rule base, and if the characteristic field and data can be matched, initiating a corresponding callback service to the virtual calling party according to contents of matched items; and the virtual calling party receiving the corresponding callback service initiated by the virtual called party. A system for exchanging the calling and called roles of communication terminals is also disclosed. By the method and system of the invention, the exchange of calling and called roles between communication terminals of two parties can be implemented automatically, which improves user experience on communication terminal products.