The present invention discloses a method and an apparatus for processing data sending and a method and an apparatus for processing data receiving, wherein, the method for processing data sending includes: allocating the number of spatial transmission layers and a pilot resource for transmission at each spatial transmission layer; generating pilot resource information according to the number of spatial transmission layers and the pilot resource for transmission at each spatial transmission layer; and sending the pilot resource information to user equipment (UE). According to the embodiments of the present invention, the UE is enabled to determine a specific pilot resource to be used so as to effectively distinguish between user channels, obtain a correct channel estimation value, improve channel estimation performance, and thus, obtain correct service data.