An apparatus includes a video/image encoder configured to design a two-dimensional star-shaped spatial filter and encode image/video information using the X-shaped spatial filter. The star-shaped spatial filter includes a first linear arrangement of coefficients that extend outwardly in a first diagonal direction from a center pixel coefficient, a second linear arrangement of coefficients that extend outwardly in a second diagonal direction, and two linear arrangements of coefficients that extend outwardly in horizontal and vertical directions from the center pixel coefficient from the center pixel coefficient. The second diagonal direction is oriented in a different direction relative to the first diagonal direction.