A vehicle seat sliding device includes: a first rail adapted to be fixed to one of a vehicle floor and a seat; a second rail adapted to be fixed to the other one of the vehicle floor and the seat, and coupled to the first rail in a relatively movable manner; an engagement member, which selectively limits and permits the relative movement of the first and the second rails; an operation member configured such that operating force to cancel the restriction of the relative movement in the second rail is transmitted to the engagement member; and a cover mounted on the first end of the second rail to close the first end. The cover has an engagement piece, which engages with a support wall provided in the second rail and restricts the pivoting of the cover when pressed against the operation member.