The embodiments of the present invention are directed to a method and apparatus that synchronize radio nodes using preambles in a radio communication system. An embodiment of the present invention relates to a method of transmitting preambles by a radio node. The method includes generating a first preamble indicating a system bandwidth and a carrier configuration, generating a second preamble indicating a segment identifier used for obtaining a node identifier, allocating the first preamble to a first preamble carrier set, allocating the second preamble to a second preamble carrier set corresponding to the segment identifier, and transmitting the first preamble to a receiving node through the first preamble carrier set and the second preamble to the receiving node through the second preamble carrier set.