The present invention relates to methods of, computer software for and apparatus for enabling network management in a network arrangement in which a first network is separated from a second network by a network address translator or firewall. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention enables, in a carrier hosted solution, a) operational information relating to a device or equipment in a customer network and for use in a network management system of a carrier network and b) control information to be provided to the device or equipment by the network management system to traverse the network address translator or firewall separating the carrier and customer networks. The traversal of the network address translator or firewall is achieved by inserting the operational or control information in keep alive signalling used maintain the NAT bind or firewall pinhole.