A mattress-bearing hospital bed comprises a hospital bed body on which a plurality of hook-and-loop fasteners are installed and a mattress structure which comprises a silicone layer with straight grooves thereon, a polyurethane film covering the silicone layer, and a velvet fabric layer whose one surface is melt to the plane bottom of the polyurethane film covering the silicone layer and other surface contacts the hospital bed body by means of the hook-and-loop fasteners in order to attach the mattress structure to the hospital bed body.