Various embodiments of light emitting devices with efficient wavelength conversion and associated methods of manufacturing are described herein. In one embodiment, a light emitting device includes a first semiconductor material, a second semiconductor material spaced apart from the first semiconductor material, and an active region between the first and second semiconductor materials. The active region is configured to produce a light via electroluminescence. The light emitting device also includes a conversion material on the second semiconductor material, the conversion material containing aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGaInP) doped with an N-type dopant.