The present invention provides a method for controlling the chain structure of a copolymer. The disclosed method is capable of controlling the arrangement of monomeric units in a copolymer, and of selectively forming a random copolymer, tapered copolymer, multiblock copolymer and block copolymer. In the method for controlling the chain structure of a copolymer of a conjugated diene compound and a non-conjugated olefin, the introduction of the conjugated diene compound is controlled in the presence of the non-conjugated olefin so as to control the chain structure of the copolymer.