An electric drill forward and reverse rotation automatic switching apparatus includes: a gearbox, a first-stage gear, a first-stage gear shaft, a second-stage gear, a second-stage gear shaft, a transition gear, a transition shaft, a third-stage gear, and an output shaft. The first-stage gear is fixed on the first-stage gear shaft. The second-stage gear is fixed on the second-stage gear shaft. The first-stage and second-stage gear shafts are disposed on the gearbox housing. The transition gear is disposed on the transition shaft which is fixed on the gearbox housing. The output shaft is disposed on the gearbox housing. The third-stage gear is sleeved on the output shaft and disposed on the gearbox housing. The first-stage gear shaft engages with the second-stage gear and the transition gear simultaneously. The transition gear engages with the third-stage gear. The second-stage gear shaft and the output shaft are on the same axis.