Disclosed are a system and a method for transceiving data in an audio frequency band. The system includes a data input unit to input data for acoustic communication into an audio signal, a transmitting unit to transmit the audio signal including the data in the audio frequency band, and a receiving unit that receives the audio signal including the data and performs synchronization of the audio signal through a matched filtering using a matched filter in order to extract the data according to predetermined extraction processing. The data to be transmitted are added to an audio signal and the audio signal is transmitted in the audio frequency band, so that the data for the acoustic communication are effectively transmitted to the recipient in the audio frequency band.