In an organic EL element, a bank is formed on a hole injection layer so as to surround light-emitting layer. The hole injection layer is formed with a tungsten oxide thin film, and has, in an electronic state thereof, an occupied energy level 1.8 eV to 3.6 eV lower than the lowest energy level of a valence band of the hole injection layer. The hole injection layer has a recessed portion in an upper surface thereof. An inner surface of the recessed portion is in contact with a functional layer (light-emitting layer). the inner side surface of the recessed portion includes an upper edge that is one of aligned with part of a lower edge of the bank, the part being in contact with the functional layer, and in contact with a bottom surface of the bank.