A Smartphone data backup and restoration system on a physical layer is connected to a Smartphone through a data transmission line, and the data backup and restoration system and the Smartphone are identified and paired by a datalink layer and a network layer, and then a transport layer transmits an identification program to the Smartphone, and a session layer completes a trusted connection according to a TCP communication and transmission protocol such as USBMUXD, ADB, MTP, and PTP, so that the Smartphone is capable of performing a data transmission operation including data backup and restoration at a presentation layer and an application layer to improve the convenience of operation and use.