An exemplary implementation of the present disclosure includes a programmable interposer having top and bottom interface electrodes and conductive particles interspersed within the programmable interposer. The conductive particles are capable of forming an aligned configuration between the top and bottom interface electrodes in response to application of an energy field to the programmable interposer so as to electrically connect the top and bottom interface electrodes. The conductive particles can have a conductive outer surface. Also, the conductive particles can be spherical. The conductive particles can be within a bulk material in an interface layer in the programmable interposer, and the bulk material can be cured to secure programmed paths between the top and bottom interface electrodes.