A novel soybean variety, designated XBP09006 is provided. Also provided are the seeds of soybean variety XBP09006, cells from soybean variety XBP09006, plants of soybean XBP09006, and plant parts of soybean variety XBP09006. Methods provided include producing a soybean plant by crossing soybean variety XBP09006 with another soybean plant, methods for introgressing a transgenic trait, a mutant trait, and/or a native trait into soybean variety XBP09006, methods for producing other soybean varieties or plant parts derived from soybean variety XBP09006, and methods of characterizing soybean variety XBP09006. Soybean seed, cells, plants, germplasm, breeding lines, varieties, and plant parts produced by these methods and/or derived from soybean variety XBP09006 are further provided.